Interleukin-6 and Alzheimer's disease

 

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease meaning it causes the degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain. There are two reasons for Alzheimer’s disease. 

These are plaque and tangles. Neurons have the primary function of a nerve cell or neuron in the human body to carry nerve impulses from another part of the body to another part of the body. Neurons are connected to each other and plaque cuts this connection. Neuron shave membrane contains amyloid precursor protein, one end of amyloid precursor protein in the cell and other parts outside the cell, it has some function, which helps neurons grow and repair. In this process, it is cut by alpha-secretase and buddy gamma, and cut parts can be soluble outside of the cell but if beta-secretase cuts the amyloid precursors protein, this can be a problem because the cut parts can not exist in the outside of the cell so that this process created the beta-amyloid plaque. This plaque can break the connection between the neurons and also plaque create cerebral hemorrhage. Plaque accumulates in the vessel of the brain. Thereby, the vessel exposes the damage and creates cerebral hemorrhage, on the other hand, tangles are different than plaque. Neurons have a cytoskeleton, neurons are held together by their cytoskeleton, which is composed of microtubules and microtubules contain tau protein. Tau protein function is the support for the neurons beta-amyloid Plague builds up the initiates pathway inside the neurons. Thereby phosphate group-kinase activation starts and attaches to the tau protein. The tau protein changes the shape and it can stop support for neurons. As a result of this process, apoptosis (program cell death) for the neurons but there is an immune system for this process, plaque creates inflammation or infection so that this condition stimulates the T-cell, B-cell, or monocyte and they release the ınterleukin-6. This factor has some function in the body, it is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine so the level of interleukin-6 increases in the body thereby scientists can determine Alzheimer's disease. What is  Alzheimer's disease? We can list them.

•        Loss of memory and repeating question

•       Wandering and getting lost

•       İncreased anxiety

•       Mood and personality changes

•       Losing things or misplacing them in odd places.

We can prevent Alzheimer's disease with some techniques. We can list them

•        Physical activity

•       Developing mental skills

•       Sleep pattern

•        Balanced diet

Reference:

·         Tau protein function in a living cell, David G. Drubin and Marc W. Krischner,27 April 2020

      ·         Systemic Inflammation, Infection, ApoE Alleles, and Alzheimer Disease: A Position Paper, Finch,
Caleb E.; Morgan, Todd E., 2007

     ·         Increased cerebrospinal fluid Fas (Apo-1) levels in Alzheimer’s disease: Relationship with IL-6 concentrations, Marcos Martı́nez, Estrella Fernández-Vivancos, Ana Frank, MónicaDe la Fuente, Angel Hernanz, 30 June 2000, P. 216-219

      ·         Alterations of the Neuroinflammatory Markers IL-6 and TRAIL in Alzheimer's Disease, Ya-Ying Wu, Jung-Lung Hsu, Han-Cheng Wang,  Shyh-Jong Wu, Chen-Jee Hong, Irene Han-Juo Cheng, 24 NOV 2015

 

Doğukan Eroğlu